The complete special topic forum on Extreme Operating Environment (in
press) has been published online and is now available for all Business and
Society subscribers. The abstracts and links to the articles are provided
below.
Business & Society
Article
Institutional Constraints and Enablers: An Introduction to the Special Topic Forum on Extreme Operating
Environments
Virginia W. Gerde and Christopher Michaelson
This article is the guest editors’ introduction to the Special Topic Forum on Extreme Operating Environments appearing in
Business & Society. The forum includes two articles accepted after review and revision. The two articles address the
macro-level aspects of business’s role in society in terms of accessing resources and markets and in terms of being a change
agent or enabler to promote a better or more stable local economy. The articles also provide case studies of businesses
developing, getting access to resources and markets, and affecting the larger institutional environment despite great
uncertainty and harsh operating environments where the traditional assumptions of stability and security are not available.
This Special Topic Forum is published in cooperation with Business & Professional Ethics Journal which, working with the
guest editors, has published two other articles that address the more micro-level aspects and the ethical dilemmas business
may face in extreme operating environments.
Article
Institutional Resilience in Extreme Operating Environments: The Role of Institutional Work
Luciano Barin Cruz, Natalia Aguilar Delgado, Bernard Leca, and Jean-Pascal Gond
This study shows how institutional work contributes to institutional resilience in extreme operating environments (EOEs). The authors draw
from a longitudinal analysis of the operations of Desjardins International Development (DID), a French Canadian nongovernmental organization
(NGO) that, both before and after the major earthquake of 2010, supported the implementation of cooperative banking in Haiti. Building on a
unique access to DID’s internal documents as well as on 49 interviews with DID employees, the authors highlight the ways in which political,
technical, and cultural forms of institutional work triggered the emergence of social capital, which in turn supported the rise of new forms
of institutional work that enabled institutional resilience. The results show how organizational activities focused on shaping institutions
may have unintended effects that enable institutional resilience in EOEs, and demonstrate how the accumulation of institutional work by an
organization contributes to the enhancement of its social capital.
Article
Entrepreneurship Amid Concurrent Institutional Constraints in Less Developed Countries
Theodore A. Khoury and Ajnesh Prasad
To encourage new research on the role of institutions in the entrepreneurial process in less developed countries (LDCs), the authors propose a
conceptual framework to investigate concurrent institutional constraints. The authors define these constraints as geopolitical contexts that
encounter simultaneous challenges to well functioning formal and informal institutions. Systems of stronger institutions compensating for weaker
institutions are hampered in these settings and such systems weigh heavier on local entrepreneurs and further challenge their ability to mobilize
resources and access market opportunities. By investigating the extreme operating conditions of these settings, scholars gain a deeper
understanding of how entrepreneurs confront operational dilemmas and express agency through engaging with bricolage and cultural entrepreneurship.
To animate these proposals, the authors consider a case illustration of a venture operating under such constraints.
Andy Crane, Dirk Matten, Irene Henriques, Bryan Husted
Co-Editors, Business & Society
Schulich School of Business
York University
4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3
baseditors@schulich.yorku.ca
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